Cost-shifting/cost-cutting questions (Healthcare Finance class)?

I'm taking a class Healthcare Finance , and we are learning about third-party payments , such as Medicare , Medicaid , etc. , and also doing cutting clost-shifting/cost problems . My teacher also is asking us to answer the following questions : MedlinePlus MedlinePlus 1. What has been the historical impact of cost shifting in health insurance premiums commercial ? MedlinePlus MedlinePlus 2. Cost shifting is a more efficient way to finance the cost of providing health services to low- income compared with state guarantee , with tax revenues ? MedlinePlus MedlinePlus 3. What Medicare for all will be a better approach ? MedlinePlus * Defend your position . MedlinePlus MedlinePlus I'm not exactly sure how exactly to answer these questions ... if anyone can help me would be greatly appreciated ! :)